Study on the Relationship between White Blood Cell Count, Mean Platelet Volume Ratio, and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients (Code-T0104)

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represents a range of conditions caused by a rapid reduction in blood flow to the heart. This occurs primarily due to the buildup of plaques in the coronary arteries, which limits oxygen and nutrient supply to heart tissue. ACS significantly contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study explores the relationship between white blood cell (WBC) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and clinical outcomes in ACS patients, particularly focusing on the predictive value of the WBC-to-MPV ratio for adverse cardiac events.

Aims & Objective: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between WBC count, MPV, and clinical outcomes in ACS patients. The secondary objective is to determine the usefulness of the WBC-to-MPV ratio in predicting adverse cardiac events in ACS patients.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, over a two-year period. The study involved 100 patients admitted with ACS, selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected on WBC count, MPV, and clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality, cardiac events, and recovery). The primary goal was to assess the correlation between the WBC-to-MPV ratio and clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results: The study observed that younger ACS patients were more likely to have risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), while a smaller proportion were alcohol users (23%). The majority of patients presented with chest pain (88%), with a significant correlation to clinical outcomes. Among these patients, 27% had complications or mortality, while 48% experienced MACE, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.176). The study found that MPV and WBC count were associated with various clinical outcomes, including recovery and events like myocardial infarction.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential role of the WBC-to-MPV ratio as a prognostic tool for ACS patients. The findings may offer valuable insights into inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms involved in ACS and contribute to better clinical management strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), White Blood Cell Count (WBC), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Clinical Outcomes, Inflammatory Mechanisms, Thrombotic Risk.