Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (Code-T0107)

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in children presents unique clinical and biochemical characteristics distinct from adults, affecting growth, development, and long-term outcomes. With increasing survival rates due to advancements in treatment, understanding the pediatric CKD profile is essential for optimizing management.

Aims and Objectives

Aim:

To study the clinical and biochemical profile of chronic kidney disease in children.

Objectives:

1. To study the etiology, clinical features, and complications of CKD in children.
2. To study anemia in various stages of CKD.
3. To assess the growth of children in various stages of CKD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with CKD. Comprehensive assessments included etiology analysis, clinical evaluation, and biochemical profiling. Anemia was studied across CKD stages, and growth metrics were assessed using standardized z-scores.

Results: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) were the leading cause of CKD in children. Anemia prevalence increased with CKD severity, with stage 5 showing 93% prevalence. Growth failure was significant, with height-for-age z-scores below -2 SD in advanced CKD stages. Electrolyte imbalances, hypertension, and metabolic acidosis were frequent complications. Biochemical abnormalities included elevated serum creatinine, urea, and parathyroid hormone levels, alongside reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hemoglobin levels.

Conclusion: Pediatric CKD is characterized by diverse etiologies, significant growth and developmental impacts, and progressive biochemical derangements. Early detection, tailored interventions, and multidisciplinary management are critical to improving outcomes.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Pediatric Nephrology, Anemia in CKD, Growth Failure, Biochemical Profile, CAKUT