Serum ADA and Glycated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Study (Code-T0118)

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the standard marker for monitoring long-term glycemic control, while adenosine deaminase (ADA) has emerged as a potential biomarker for metabolic inflammation in diabetes. Evaluating the relationship between serum ADA levels and HbA1c could enhance our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology and prognosis.

Aims and Objectives: To assess serum ADA levels in patients with T2DM, analyze their correlation with HbA1c, and evaluate their utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 participants, comprising 100 diagnosed T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum ADA levels and HbA1c were measured in all subjects. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between ADA and HbA1c levels, and their diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results: Serum ADA levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). A positive correlation (r = 0.68, p < 0.01) was observed between ADA and HbA1c, suggesting a link between metabolic inflammation and glycemic status. ROC analysis demonstrated that ADA had high sensitivity (85%) and specificity (88%) for detecting T2DM.

Conclusion: Serum ADA levels are significantly elevated in T2DM and correlate strongly with HbA1c, indicating their potential as complementary biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring. Incorporating ADA into diabetes management may improve early detection and prognostication.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Serum ADA, Glycated Hemoglobin, Biomarkers, Glycemic Control, Metabolic Inflammation.