Clinical Profile of Snake Bite in Children in Government Rajaji Hospital: A Study of 145 Cases (Code-T0121)

Introduction: Snake bite is a significant medical emergency in many parts of India, particularly affecting rural populations. Children are particularly vulnerable due to their outdoor activities. This study investigates the clinical profile, outcomes, and management of pediatric snake bite cases at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai.

Aims and Objectives: To analyze the clinical presentations, complications, and outcomes of snake bite envenomation in children below 12 years.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted between November 2006 and June 2008, enrolling 145 children who met inclusion criteria. Clinical features, investigations, treatments, and outcomes were systematically recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using the EPI 2002 package.

Results: Among 145 cases, 103 were classified as poisonous bites, predominantly hemotoxic (53.1%). Most bites occurred during the rainy season, with lower limbs being the most common site (75.8%). The mean time to hospital arrival was under four hours for 61.4% of cases. Antisnake venom (ASV) was administered in 97 cases, with complications including acute renal failure (7.8%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1.9%). Anaphylaxis to ASV was noted in 20.7% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 4.1%, with neurotoxic bites exhibiting higher fatality rates.

Conclusion: Timely administration of ASV and early referral significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Educational initiatives and adequate ASV availability in rural centers are essential. Complications like acute renal failure necessitate specialized interventions to improve outcomes.

Keywords: snake bite, envenomation, hemotoxicity, neurotoxicity, antisnake venom, pediatric.