To Assess Serum Magnesium Levels at 24–28 Weeks of Pregnancy in Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Code: T0011)

Introduction
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Magnesium, an essential mineral, plays a critical role in insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and various enzymatic reactions. Emerging research suggests that magnesium levels may differ in women with GDM, indicating its potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and management of the condition.

Aims and Objectives

• Primary Objective: To evaluate serum magnesium levels in pregnant women with and without GDM at 24–28 weeks of gestation.
• Secondary Objective: To examine the correlation between serum magnesium levels and 2-hour post-75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma glucose levels at 24–28 weeks of gestation.

Methods
This cross-sectional observational study involved 200 pregnant women between 24–28 weeks of gestation, divided into two groups: 100 women diagnosed with GDM and 100 without GDM. Serum magnesium levels were measured using a photochromatic method, and blood glucose levels were determined using the GOD-POD method following a 75g oral glucose challenge. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests and Pearson correlation to explore group differences and relationships between serum magnesium and glucose levels.

Results
Preliminary findings revealed significantly lower serum magnesium levels in women with GDM compared to the control group. Moreover, a strong negative correlation was observed between serum magnesium levels and 2-hour post-OGTT plasma glucose levels in women with GDM.

Conclusion
Lower serum magnesium levels in women with GDM suggest its involvement in the pathophysiology of the condition. Routine monitoring of serum magnesium levels may assist in early detection and improved management of GDM, reducing maternal and fetal complications.