Comparison of Ocular Surface Changes Using ADES Classification in Patients on Anti-Glaucoma Medication and Age-Matched Controls (Code-T0158)

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability, visual impairment, and potential ocular surface damage. Anti-glaucoma medications, while therapeutic, may exacerbate DED by destabilizing the tear film. The Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) classification offers a standardized framework for diagnosing and grading DED based on tear film break-up patterns.

Aims and Objectives:

Aim: 

To evaluate the effect of  anti-glaucoma medications on the tear film and grading them using the new Asia dry eye classification.

Objective:

Primary:

To evaluate the effects of topical anti-glaucoma medications on tear film resulting in dry eye

Secondary:

To classify the type of dry eye being caused due to topical anti- glaucoma medications

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study is conducted at Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, from April 2023 to August 2024. A total of 150 participants, including 75 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) on anti-glaucoma medications for over six months and 75 age-matched controls, will be evaluated. Data collection involves comprehensive ocular examinations, DEQ-5 questionnaires, and tear film staining. Statistical analysis includes chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: Preliminary findings indicate that POAG patients on anti-glaucoma medications exhibit significant tear film instability, with common break-up patterns such as random and area breaks, indicating increased evaporation and severe aqueous deficiency. These findings suggest a higher prevalence and severity of DED in the study group compared to controls.

Conclusion: Anti-glaucoma medications significantly affect the tear film, contributing to DED. The ADES classification proves instrumental in diagnosing and grading these changes, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: Dry eye disease, anti-glaucoma medications, ADES classification, tear film instability, primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular surface