Study of the Incidence, Etiology, and Outcomes of Hyponatremia in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy (T0164)

Introduction: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. It is associated with significant morbidity, affecting treatment tolerance and overall prognosis. The etiology of hyponatremia in this population is complex and multifactorial, including chemotherapy-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), tumor-related effects, and other chemotherapy-related complications. Identifying the incidence, underlying causes, and clinical outcomes associated with hyponatremia is crucial for optimal patient management.

Aims and Objectives:

Aim: To study the Incidence, Etiology and  Outcome  of Hyponatremia in patients of cancer  undergoing  Chemotherapy 

Primary Objective:-

To analyse the incidence of Hyponatremia in all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Secondary Objective:

• To know the etiological factors of Hyponatremia and their response to various treatment options.
• To analyse the incidence of SIADH
• Analysis of Serum ADH, Serum Cortisol , Urine Osmolality, Thyroid profile.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, including cancer patients who received chemotherapy over a two-year period. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, serum sodium levels, and underlying causes of hyponatremia. Clinical outcomes, including chemotherapy dose modifications, hospitalizations, and survival, were also assessed.

Results: A total of 150 cancer patients were included in the study. Hyponatremia was observed in 35% of patients, with the most common causes being chemotherapy-induced SIADH and tumor-related factors. Hyponatremia was associated with longer hospital stays, higher chemotherapy dose adjustments, and a higher rate of treatment interruptions. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients with persistent hyponatremia.

Conclusion: Hyponatremia is a frequent and clinically significant complication in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Early identification and appropriate management of hyponatremia can improve patient outcomes and treatment adherence.

Keywords: Hyponatremia, Cancer, Chemotherapy, SIADH, Etiology, Clinical outcomes.