Analysis of Presentation Patterns and Epidemiological Factors Affecting Outcomes in Patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma Presenting to the Surgical Casualty (Code-T0176)

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common presentation in emergency settings, often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The pattern of presentation can vary, with factors such as the mechanism of injury, age, and comorbidities influencing the outcome. Understanding the epidemiological factors and clinical presentation can aid in early diagnosis and optimal management, improving patient outcomes in these cases.

Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the pattern of presentation in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and identify the key epidemiological factors that influence their outcomes. The study aims to provide insights into the management of these patients in a surgical casualty setting.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the surgery casualty of a tertiary care hospital, including patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma over a 12-month period. Data on demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, management strategies, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results: A total of 150 patients were included, with a higher incidence in males (70%) and a peak age range of 20-40 years. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause (60%). Abdominal pain (85%) and tenderness (70%) were the most frequent symptoms, with 25% of patients requiring surgical intervention. The overall mortality rate was 10%, with older age, delayed presentation, and multiple organ injuries being significant factors associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusion: Blunt abdominal trauma presents with a range of clinical signs, and the outcomes are heavily influenced by the timing of presentation, age, and injury severity. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving survival rates in these patients.

Keywords: Blunt abdominal trauma, epidemiological factors, surgical casualty, outcomes, road traffic accidents, mortality.