Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Differentiating Neoplastic, Inflammatory, and Infective Brain Lesions (Code-T0199)

Introduction: Accurate differentiation between neoplastic, inflammatory, and infective brain lesions is critical for timely and appropriate management. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, as non-invasive imaging techniques, have shown promise in distinguishing between these pathologies based on their unique diffusion characteristics.

Aims and Objectives:

Aim:

Role of diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiating neoplastic, inflammatory and infective brain lesions.

Objectives:

1. To assess the Role of DWI in Characterization of brain Lesions.
2. To assess the Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value in characterisation of Characterization of brain Lesions.
3. To assess the Sensitivity and Specificity of DWI and ADC in Neoplastic, Inflammatory and Infective brain lesions.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 patients with brain lesions identified on conventional MRI, who subsequently underwent DWI and ADC imaging. Lesions were classified as neoplastic, inflammatory, or infective based on histopathology, clinical findings, and treatment response. ADC values were analyzed quantitatively, and diffusion patterns were assessed qualitatively to identify distinguishing features.

Results: Neoplastic lesions demonstrated restricted diffusion with low ADC values (<1.0 x 10⁻³ mm²/s), inflammatory lesions showed intermediate ADC values (1.0-1.3 x 10⁻³ mm²/s), and infective lesions had higher ADC values (>1.3 x 10⁻³ mm²/s) due to necrotic or cystic components. DWI combined with ADC achieved 92% diagnostic accuracy in differentiating lesion types.

Conclusion: DWI and ADC mapping are valuable tools for differentiating neoplastic, inflammatory, and infective brain lesions. These modalities enhance diagnostic confidence, enabling targeted therapy and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords: Diffusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, brain lesions, neoplastic, inflammatory, infective.