Study on Various Fungal Infections in HIV-Positive Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital (Code-T0210)

Introduction: HIV infection leads to immune suppression, making patients highly susceptible to opportunistic infections, particularly fungal infections. These infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence, spectrum, and clinical manifestations of fungal infections in HIV-positive patients. It also evaluates the correlation between CD4 counts and the occurrence of fungal infections.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a specified period. HIV-positive patients presenting with suspected fungal infections were included. Clinical samples such as blood, sputum, oral swabs, and skin scrapings were collected and subjected to direct microscopy, culture, and other diagnostic techniques. The CD4 count of each patient was recorded and analyzed in relation to the type of fungal infection.

Results: Among the studied HIV-positive patients, a significant proportion had fungal infections. The most common infections observed were oral candidiasis, followed by cryptococcal meningitis, aspergillosis, and cutaneous fungal infections. A direct correlation was found between low CD4 counts and the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections.

Conclusion: Fungal infections remain a major health concern in HIV-positive patients, particularly those with low CD4 counts. Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy are essential in reducing morbidity and mortality. Regular screening and prophylactic measures should be emphasized in HIV management protocols.

Keywords: HIV, Fungal infections, CD4 count, Opportunistic infections, Oral candidiasis, Cryptococcal meningitis.