Clinico-Etiological Profile of Valvular Heart Disease in Adults with Special Reference to Arrhythmias (Code-T0257)

Introduction: Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, with increasing prevalence due to aging populations. The involvement of arrhythmias in VHD exacerbates clinical outcomes, necessitating a detailed understanding of the etiological factors, clinical features, and their relationship with arrhythmias.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the clinical and etiological profile of VHD, determine the prevalence and types of arrhythmias associated with it, and identify risk factors that predispose patients to arrhythmias. By evaluating key predictors, the research seeks to provide insights for better patient management and improved outcomes.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 200 adult patients diagnosed with VHD. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and other diagnostic tests were used to assess the presence and type of arrhythmias in these patients. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate arrhythmias with the etiology and severity of valvular involvement.

Results: The study found that rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was the most common etiology of VHD, followed by degenerative valve disease. Arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF), were observed in 38% of the patients and were more prevalent in those with mitral stenosis and aortic regurgitation. The presence of arrhythmias was associated with increased morbidity and hospital admissions.

Conclusion: VHD remains a significant clinical challenge, with arrhythmias being a major complication. Early detection and management of arrhythmias in VHD patients are crucial to improving prognosis.

Keywords: Valvular Heart Disease, Arrhythmias, Atrial Fibrillation, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Mitral Stenosis, Clinical Profile.