Electrolyte Imbalance in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD and Type 2 Respiratory Failure (Code-T0261)

Introduction: Electrolyte imbalances are common complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly during acute exacerbations associated with type 2 respiratory failure. These imbalances can significantly impact the patient's clinical condition, complicating management and recovery. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and types of electrolyte disturbances in patients experiencing acute COPD exacerbation and type 2 respiratory failure.

Aims and Objectives:

1. To study the prevalence of electrolytes imbalance in patients with acute Exacerbation of COPD with type 2 respiratory failure
2. To study the effects of electrolytes imbalance on the outcomeof patients with acute Exacerbation of COPD with type 2 respiratory failure

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a one-year period at a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected from COPD patients admitted with acute exacerbations and type 2 respiratory failure. Serum electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate) were measured upon admission and throughout the treatment period. The relationship between electrolyte disturbances and patient outcomes, including mechanical ventilation requirement, length of ICU stay, and mortality, was analyzed.

Results: Of the 100 patients included, 68% exhibited electrolyte imbalances, with hypokalemia (45%) and hyponatremia (30%) being the most common disturbances. Electrolyte imbalances were associated with a longer ICU stay (p<0.05) and a higher requirement for mechanical ventilation (p<0.01). Mortality rates were also higher in patients with severe electrolyte disturbances.

Conclusion: Electrolyte imbalances are prevalent in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and type 2 respiratory failure. Monitoring and correction of these imbalances are crucial for improving clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Electrolyte imbalance, COPD exacerbation, Type 2 respiratory failure, Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, ICU outcomes.