Clinical Spectrum, Etiology, and Outcomes of Pancytopenia: A Comprehensive Study (Code-T0297)

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a hematological condition characterized by a reduction in all three blood cell lines—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It can result from a variety of underlying causes, including bone marrow failure, infiltration, nutritional deficiencies, infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. Early identification of the etiology is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management to improve patient outcomes.

Aims and Objectives

Aim: To identify different etilogies and presentations of pancytopenia and its outcome

Objective :

• Primary Objective : To assess and determine the clinical presentation and hematological of pancytopenia
• Secondary Objective :

• To identify easily treatable and reversible causes of pancytopenia and its outcome
• To identify Medical emergencies due to pancytopenia and treat promptly

Methods: A prospective observational study will be conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Visakhapatnam, over a period of two years. A total of 50 patients diagnosed with pancytopenia based on hemogram findings will be included. Clinical history, physical examination, laboratory investigations, peripheral smear analysis, and bone marrow aspiration/biopsy (if required) will be performed. Statistical analysis will be carried out using SPSS, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: The study is expected to reveal the most common causes of pancytopenia, with megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia being the predominant etiologies. A significant correlation is anticipated between hematological parameters, peripheral smear findings, and bone marrow evaluation.

Conclusion: Identifying the spectrum of pancytopenia causes is essential for guiding targeted therapy. Early diagnosis through hematological and bone marrow assessments can significantly improve prognosis and reduce mortality.

Keywords: Pancytopenia, Bone Marrow Failure, Megaloblastic Anemia, Hematological Disorders, Peripheral Smear, Bone Marrow Biopsy