Effect of Aerobic Versus Resistance Exercise on Biomarkers of Endothelial Function and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with BMI ≥ 23 (Code-T0331)

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge, with obesity and 
insulin resistance playing key roles in its progression. Endothelial dysfunction is a significant 
contributor to cardiovascular complications in T2DM. Exercise is a non-pharmacological 
strategy to improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial function. However, the comparative 
effectiveness of aerobic and resistance exercise in modulating these parameters remains unclear. 
Aims and Objectives 
Aim: 
To study the effect of aerobic versus resistance exercise on biomarker of endothelial function, 
Inter Cellular Adhesion Molecule -1(ICAM-1) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients 
with Body Mass Index ≥23 
Objectives: 
Primary Objective To study the effect of aerobic versus resistance exercise on biomarker of 
endothelial function ICAM-1 and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients with Body Mass 
Index ≥23. 
Secondary Objective   To study the effect of aerobic versus resistance exercise on  
HbA1C levels  
Lipid profile 
Blood pressure  
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New 
Delhi, involving 80 T2DM patients aged ≥18 years. Participants were randomized into aerobic 
exercise (Group A) and resistance exercise (Group B) groups, performing structured exercise 
regimens for 12 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed using Intercellular Adhesion 
Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels, while insulin resistance was measured via HOMA-IR. Additional 
parameters included HbA1c, lipid profile, and blood pressure. Statistical analysis was performed 
using SPSS. 
Results: Both exercise modalities resulted in significant improvements in insulin resistance and 
endothelial function. Aerobic exercise showed a greater reduction in ICAM-1 levels, whereas 
resistance exercise was more effective in improving HOMA-IR. Both interventions led to 
reductions in HbA1c, lipid levels, and blood pressure. 
Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance exercise positively impact endothelial function and insulin 
resistance in T2DM. Tailored exercise programs can serve as effective adjuncts in diabetes 
management, with aerobic exercise favoring vascular health and resistance training improving 
metabolic parameters. 
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Aerobic Exercise, Resistance Exercise, Insulin Resistance, 
Endothelial Function, HOMA-IR.