A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Dry Eye among Medical Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students in Agra (Code-T0343)

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular condition affecting individuals across 
all age groups, with an increasing incidence among students due to prolonged screen exposure, 
environmental factors, and lifestyle habits. Medical students are particularly at risk due to 
excessive screen time, academic stress, and irregular sleep patterns. This study aims to determine 
the prevalence of dry eye and its associated risk factors among medical undergraduate and 
postgraduate students in Agra. 
Aims and Objectives:  
Aim: 
To assess the prevalence and risk factors for dry eye among medical students. 
Objectives: 
1. To estimate prevalence of dry eye among medical students. 
2. To identify and compare the associated risk factors of dry eye among undergraduates and 
postgraduates students. 
3. To evaluate strength of association of risk factors with grade of dry eye. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Agra using a 
structured questionnaire and clinical evaluation, including Schirmer’s test and tear breakup time 
(TBUT). Participants were categorized based on symptom severity and diagnostic criteria. Data 
were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess associations between risk 
factors and DED prevalence. 
Results: The prevalence of dry eye disease was found to be significant, with a higher incidence 
among postgraduate students. Prolonged screen time, lack of sleep, and environmental factors 
were identified as major contributors. A significant correlation was observed between screen 
exposure duration and dry eye symptoms. 
Conclusion: Dry eye disease is highly prevalent among medical students, with prolonged screen 
use and academic stress being key risk factors. Awareness programs and preventive strategies, 
including screen breaks and proper hydration, are recommended to mitigate the impact. 
Keywords: Dry eye disease, medical students, screen time, prevalence, risk factors, ocular 
health.