The Relationship between Glaucoma and Co-existing Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Cross-sectional Analysis (Code-T0033)

Introduction: Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and its impact on mental health has gained increasing attention. Depression and anxiety are commonly reported in individuals with glaucoma, potentially affecting disease management and quality of life. This study aimed to explore the association between glaucoma and co-existing depression and anxiety disorders.

Aim and Objective:

Aim: To determine the association between depression & anxiety disorders with glaucoma

Objectives:

1. To determine relationship between depression- anxiety disorders with severity and duration of glaucoma
2. To determine the association between depression-anxiety disorders, compliance to glaucoma treatment and progression of disease

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 glaucoma patients attending a tertiary ophthalmology center. Participants were assessed using standardized diagnostic tools, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Glaucoma severity was determined based on intraocular pressure, visual field defects, and optic disc damage. Data analysis was performed to examine the association between glaucoma severity and the presence of depression and anxiety.

Results: Of the 160 glaucoma patients, 39% were diagnosed with depression, and 32% had anxiety disorders. A significant association was found between glaucoma severity and the presence of both depression and anxiety (p<0.05). Patients with more advanced glaucoma exhibited higher rates of both mental health conditions. Additionally, depression was more prevalent in those with significant visual field loss.

Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Early identification and management of mental health issues are essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Keywords: Glaucoma, depression, anxiety, mental health, visual field loss, disease severity.