Comparison of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Intravenous Lignocaine for Attenuating Hemodynamic Stress Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Normotensive Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries (Code-T0038)

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation trigger significant hemodynamic changes, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can lead to complications, especially in normotensive patients. Both intravenous dexmedetomidine and lignocaine have been studied for their ability to attenuate these responses. This study compares the effectiveness of these two agents in reducing the hemodynamic stress response during intubation.

Aim & Objectives

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of i.v. Dexmedetomidine with i.v. Lignocaine as premedication in attenuating hemodynamic stress responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Objectives:

Primary objective:

To study the comparative efficacy of preoperative i.v Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 1mcg/kg to i.v Lignocaine in a dose of 1.5mg/kg to attenuate the presser changes to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Secondary objective:

• To study the hemodynamic alterations of Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine.
• To study the adverse effects of Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine ifany.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 105 normotensive patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) or intravenous lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) before intubation. Hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, were measured at baseline, during induction, immediately post-intubation, and at intervals thereafter.

Results: Both dexmedetomidine and lignocaine effectively attenuated the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. However, dexmedetomidine demonstrated a more significant reduction in both heart rate and blood pressure, with a more prolonged effect. Lignocaine also reduced the stress response but had a shorter duration of action compared to dexmedetomidine.

Conclusion: Intravenous dexmedetomidine is more effective than intravenous lignocaine in attenuating the hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation in normotensive patients undergoing elective surgeries.

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, lignocaine, hemodynamic response, laryngoscopy, intubation, elective surgery.