Comparison of Anxiety and Depression in Antenatal Women Admitted in High Dependency Unit and Obstetric Wards (Code-T0041)

Background: Pregnancy represents a time of profound biological, psychological, and interpersonal changes in a woman's life. While much attention has been given to the physical aspects of pregnancy, the psychological challenges that women face during this transition, including ambivalence, depression, and anxiety, are not fully understood. These mental health issues can significantly affect a woman's mood, behavior, relationships, and overall well-being, with potential consequences for both mother and child. High-risk pregnancies and hospitalization can exacerbate these psychological challenges, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes for both the mother and newborn.

Aim & Objectives:

1. To estimate and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety in pregnant women admitted in HDU and in obstetrics ward.
2. To identify risk factors associated with antenatal depression and anxiety in pregnant women admitted in HDU & obstetrics ward.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 276 antenatal women who met the inclusion criteria. Socio-demographic details, obstetric history, and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Antenatal depression was assessed using the translated Malayalam version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with a score of 13 or above indicating depression. Antenatal anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7 scale, with a score greater than 10 considered significant. Women with significant scores were referred to the Psychiatry Department for further management.

Results and Discussion: The prevalence of depression was 31% in the HDU and 40% in the obstetrics ward, while anxiety symptoms were present in 43% of obstetrics ward patients and 42% in the HDU. Risk factors included age, socioeconomic status, and previous pregnancy history. Habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use were associated with higher anxiety levels. The majority of participants were in the 18–26 age group, with a significant proportion from the upper-middle socioeconomic status in the HDU.

Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are prevalent in antenatal women in both HDU and obstetric wards. Prenatal care should include regular screening for these mental health issues, as early identification and treatment can reduce the burden of mental health problems during pregnancy and enhance outcomes for both the mother and child.

Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, High Dependency Unit (HDU), Obstetric wards, Prenatal care, Mental health.