Spectrum of Renal Dysfunction in Chronic Liver Disease: A Single-Center Analysis (Code-T0042)

Introduction: Chronic liver disease (CLD) often leads to the development of renal dysfunction, which can significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Renal dysfunction in CLD can manifest in various forms, from mild renal impairment to acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The pathophysiology and prognosis vary, depending on the stage and severity of liver disease. Understanding the spectrum of renal dysfunction in this context is critical for better management.

Aim and Objectives: The present study was conducted on patients with chronic liver disease with the following aims and objective:

1. To determine the prevalence of renal dysfunction (mainly acute) in chronic liver disease.
2. To determine the spectrum of renal dysfunction in chronic liver disease.
3. To study the risk factors for renal dysfunction in chronic liver disease..

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 150 patients diagnosed with chronic liver disease, who were admitted between 2018 and 2023. Data on renal function, liver disease classification, comorbidities, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Renal dysfunction was categorized into three groups: mild renal impairment, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).

Results: Of the 150 patients, 70% exhibited some form of renal dysfunction. Among them, 45% had mild renal impairment, 25% developed AKI, and 10% met the criteria for HRS. Patients with AKI and HRS had a significantly worse prognosis, with higher in-hospital mortality (35%) compared to those with mild renal impairment (10%). Advanced cirrhosis and the presence of infections were common risk factors for renal dysfunction.

Conclusion: Renal dysfunction is common in patients with chronic liver disease, with varying degrees of severity and outcomes. Early detection and management are crucial, particularly for those at risk of progression to hepatorenal syndrome.

Keywords: Chronic liver disease, renal dysfunction, hepatorenal syndrome, acute kidney injury, cirrhosis, prognosis.