Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Code-T0046)

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly elevates the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to its association with various modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking. Addressing these risk factors is critical to mitigating the cardiovascular burden in T2DM patients.

Aims and Objectives:

1. To assess patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome with Type 2 DM for presence of modifiable risk factors
2. To compare the above findings with an equivalent number of non diabetic patients who were admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome, and to establish any significant statistical difference.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 T2DM patients diagnosed with IHD. Data on demographics, clinical history, and modifiable risk factors, including blood pressure, lipid profiles, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and glycemic control (HbA1c), were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between these factors and IHD outcomes.

Results: Hypertension (p < 0.001), poor glycemic control (p < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (p = 0.002) were strongly associated with increased severity of IHD. Smoking and obesity also showed significant correlations (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Patients with optimal management of these risk factors demonstrated better cardiovascular outcomes, including reduced IHD severity.

Conclusion: Modifiable risk factors play a pivotal role in the development and progression of IHD in T2DM patients. Effective control of hypertension, dyslipidemia, glycemic levels, and lifestyle factors can significantly reduce the cardiovascular burden. Clinicians should prioritize comprehensive risk factor management to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, modifiable risk factors, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glycemic control