Investigation of the Occurrence and Risk Factors of Prolonged QTc Interval and QT Dispersion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (Code-T0070)

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with various cardiovascular complications, including disturbances in the electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters such as prolonged QTc interval and increased QT dispersion, both of which are risk factors for arrhythmias. Understanding these abnormalities is crucial in managing T2DM patients and preventing potential cardiac events.

Aims and Objectives:

Aim:

To study the occurrence and risk factors for prolonged QTc interval and QTc dispersion in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objectives:

Primary Objective:

• To Study the occurrence and Risk factors For prolonged QTc interval and QTc dispersion inpatients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Secondary Objective:

• To correlate various clinical parameters with prolonged QTc interval and QTc dispersion in patients of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 150 T2DM patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data, clinical history, and laboratory parameters, including HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profile, and renal function, were recorded. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed to measure the QTc interval and QT dispersion. Prolonged QTc was defined as >450 ms for men and >470 ms for women. QT dispersion was calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT intervals across all leads.

Results: Prolonged QTc interval was observed in 35% of T2DM patients, while 25% had increased QT dispersion. Risk factors for prolonged QTc included poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7%), hypertension, and nephropathy. QT dispersion was significantly higher in patients with prolonged QTc and was positively correlated with higher HbA1c levels and increased duration of diabetes (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Prolonged QTc interval and increased QT dispersion are common in T2DM patients, with poor glycemic control, hypertension, and nephropathy being significant risk factors. Early detection and management of these electrocardiographic abnormalities may reduce the risk of arrhythmias and improve cardiovascular outcomes in these patients.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, QTc Interval, QT Dispersion, Risk Factors, Arrhythmias, Glycemic Control